Hanover (German: Hannover) is a historical territory around in todays world's Germany. It was an independent kingdom from either 1814 to 1866 and a province of Prussia from 1866 to 1946. Hanover was originally known as a Principality of Calenberg, which was the section of the Dukedom of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A Principality of Calenberg existed from either 1432 until 1803. Hanover is known as fallowing its capital, Hanover.

the Dukedom of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, was frequently subdivided into different princedom, every of which was ruled by a duke; one of these was the Principality of Calenberg. It was number 1 created after it was split dispatch from either a Principality of Brunswick in 1432. It fell to the Principality of Wolfenbüttel in 1584. Within 1635 it was separated again from either Wolfenbüttel, together by using a Principality of Göttingen, with which it would stay joined.

Inside 1636, the capital of the Principality of Calenberg was moved from either Pattensen to Hanover, and hence it likewise became called Hanover.

Around 1692, Duke Ernest Augustus received the extra title of prince-elector. A princedom was so as well referred to as a Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg or, informally, a Electorate of Hanover. Inside 1714, the Hanoverian electors became kings of Great Britain (see House of Hanover). A influence of a electors within Germany grew likewise: it inherited the Principality of Lüneburg in 1705, and a at one time Swedish territories of Bremen and Verden in 1719. When a portion of the German Mediatisation of 1803, a Electorate received the Bishopric of Osnabrück.

Within 1803, the Electorate was occupied by France, which ruled over it within a select few form or even a second for the next 10 years. From either 1807 on, the Hanoverian territority was a share of the Kingdom of Westphalia. Inside 1813, the Electorate was restored, & within October of 1814 it became the Kingdom of Hanover at a Congress of Vienna, in order to produce George III equal to the upstart King of Württemberg in German affairs. the Congress of Vienna installed a territorial exchange between Hanover & Prussia, in which Hanover increased its vicinity substantially. Hanover gained a Bishopric of Hildesheim, East Frisia, the Lower County of Lingen, and a northern section of the Bishopric of Münster. It misplaced victims area of the Duchy of Lauenburg to the right of the Elbe, and many little exclaves in the east.

A personal union with the United Kingdom ended inside 1837 on the accession of Queen Victoria because the succession laws withinside Hanover prevented the female inheriting the title in case there were any living male heir (in the United Kingdom, a male simply took precedence in respect to sib). In the Prussian-Austrian War of 1866, Hanover was annexed by Prussia and became a province (38,511 km², Triad.Five million indweller within 1939). Inside 1946, a British military administration manufactured Hanover the main a portion of the state of Lower Saxony, along with a states of Oldenburg, Brunswick, and Schaumburg-Lippe.

Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Princes of Calenberg, and Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, 1692-1803
Ernst August 1692-1698 Georg I 1698-1727 Georg II 1727-1760 Georg III 1760-1803

Kings of Hanover, 1814-1866
Georg III 1814-1820 Georg IV 1820-1830 Wilhelm 1830-1837 Ernst August 1837-1851 Georg V 1851-1866

Presidents of the Province of Hanover, 1867-1946
Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode 1867-1873 Botho Wend August Graf zu Eulenburg 1873-1878 Adolf Hilmar von Leipziger 1878-1888 Rudolf von Bennigsen 1888-1897 Konstantin Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode 1898-1902 Richard von Wentzel 1902-1914 Ludwig Hubert von Windheim 1914-1917 Ernst von Richter (DVP) 1917-1920 Gustav Noske (SPD) 1920-1933 Viktor Lutze (NSDAP) 1933-1941 Hartmann Lauterbacher (NSDAP) 1941-1945 Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf (SPD) 1946